There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood glucose is at a normal level, which is to prevent complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy, and prevention of complications.
Diet for diabetes is the mainstay of treatment. Proper nutrition helps improve the condition and deal with the symptoms. Yes, you will have to radically overhaul the diet and diet. Yes, you have to give up sweets and fats. And yes, there will be many restrictions on your diet. Doesn't the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread all your life inspire you? Not get upset!
Nutrition for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy. In diabetes, they must be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods that contain carbohydrates are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast carbs (simple). They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after consumption and lead to an instant rise in blood sugar. These are any sweets, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereal. Its use will have to be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed in a few hours. These are almost all cereals, grain bread, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will have to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, radishes, cranberries, lemons, apples and plums can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, turnips, celery, peppers, beans, citrus fruits, plums, pears, peaches, blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, currants, blueberries, sweet varieties of apples can be consumed, but in limited quantities. From the diet, you will have to drastically limit potatoes and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes and dried fruits.
Of great importance are dietary fibers, which are contained in plant foods that can lower blood sugar. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onions, garlic, oatmeal, pulses, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, green lettuce and some other foods have a hypoglycemic effect.
If the rejection of sweets is difficult to tolerate, the doctor will advise which sugar substitutes are most used in each case and in what quantity.
fats
The amount of animal fats is reduced in the diet. This is especially true for refractory animal fats - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You cannot eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other offal). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of vegetable origin.
You cannot completely refuse fats, without them you will not get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They should be 25-30% of the dietary energy value.
Squirrels
Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate for the energy value of the diet while reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of proteins are animal proteins.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, egg, curd and other dairy products are recommended, as well as pulses and proteins from SBCS specialty products.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget the fried, smoked and salted ones. Products need to be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes even absorption of carbohydrates and helps prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should represent 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for second dinner - 5-10%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly observing the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The calorie content of food should be approximately the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the intake regimen recommended by the doctor.
A sensible and balanced approach to nutrition is the foundation for good health in diabetes. Don't forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.